中草药种植品质知识图谱的构建

科学合理地种植中草药是解决中药资源紧缺、保障中药质量的根本方法。中草药品质受种子种苗、种植措施、土壤状况等多种因素影响，各影响因素对中草药品质产生不同的作用，但迄今为止并没有通过调控中草药种植因素分析中药材品质的模型和方法。因此，本研究通过文献调研结合专家种植经验，综合分析影响中草药种植指标的复杂因素，以提高中药材品质为目标，基于图数据库的方法构建影响不同中草药种植品质的知识图谱，探讨中草药种植因素与指标之间的关系，通过调节影响中药材品质的因素，为中草药种植以及提高中药品质提供依据。     

“领域本体七步法”在中医辨证推理知识库构建中的应用＊

中医辨证知识间高度的关联性导致在中医辨证智能化研究中，探索构建的中医辨证模型临床实用性不高。故探索一种可使辨证知识形成高度关联性的表达方法成为现阶段的一大研究方向。“领域本体七步法”是将零散的知识结构化的一种方法，本体、语义网和知识图谱均可在七步法的指导下形成结构化的知识表达体系。故本研究以“领域本体七步法”为指导方法，设计中医辨证知识图谱，使中医辨证知识之间形成一种结构化的连接，以加强知识之间的关联性，以期进一步构建高辨证性的中医辨证推理知识库。     

Community awareness and predictors of uptake of pertussis booster vaccine in South Australian adults

ObjectivePertussis is a highly virulent vaccine preventable disease that remains a global challenge. This study aimed to assess community knowledge of pertussis infection as well as awareness and uptake of adult pertussis booster vaccine.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted of randomly selected households in South Australia by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews in 2011. Survey data were weighted to the age, gender and geographical area profile of the population.ResultsFrom 3124 randomly sampled contactable households, 1967 interviews were conducted (participation rate 63%) with individuals aged 18–93 years, including 608 parents of children aged <18 years. The majority of respondents (97%) had heard of pertussis (whooping cough) and 18% reported that a household member had previously contracted whooping cough infection. Most respondents considered whooping cough to be highly contagious (73%) and severe for infants (89%). Over half (51%) of those surveyed were aware that family members commonly transmit pertussis to infants. Despite high knowledge, pertussis vaccine uptake was low, with only 10% of respondents reporting pertussis vaccination in the previous five years. Whilst 61% of respondents were aware of the availability of an adult pertussis booster vaccine, only 8% (n = 154) reported their Family Physician had discussed it with them. If provided free, 77% agreed that they would be more likely to accept a booster pertussis vaccination. Independent predictors of recent pertussis vaccination included higher education, larger household size, perception of greater disease severity for infants and discussion with a Family Physician about pertussis vaccination.ConclusionsWhilst knowledge regarding transmission and severity of Bordetella pertussis was high, uptake of pertussis vaccination for adults is remarkably low amongst the South Australian community. Improved awareness regarding the availability of a booster pertussis vaccine through Family Physicians and/or provision of funded pertussis vaccination for adults has the potential to improve pertussis vaccine coverage.     

Not just data: A method for improving prediction with knowledge

Many medical conditions are only indirectly observed through symptoms and tests. Developing predictive models for such conditions is challenging since they can be thought of as ‘latent’ variables. They are not present in the data and often get confused with measurements. As a result, building a model that fits data well is not the same as making a prediction that is useful for decision makers. In this paper, we present a methodology for developing Bayesian network (BN) models that predict and reason with latent variables, using a combination of expert knowledge and available data. The method is illustrated by a case study into the prediction of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), a disorder of blood clotting that significantly increases the risk of death following traumatic injuries. There are several measurements for ATC and previous models have predicted one of these measurements instead of the state of ATC itself. Our case study illustrates the advantages of models that distinguish between an underlying latent condition and its measurements, and of a continuing dialogue between the modeller and the domain experts as the model is developed using knowledge as well as data.     

手术室护士预防手术部位感染的知识及行为调查分析

目的 调查手术室护士预防手术部位感染知识、行为情况,为预防手术部位感染培训提供依据。方法应用自行设计的预防手术部位感染的知识、行为的问卷,对北京市4所医院的245名手术室护士进行调查。结果手术室护士预防手术部位感染知识得分为（7.45±0.34）分,行为得分为（38±6.03）分。结论 目前,手术室护士缺乏预防手术部位感染相关知识,操作不规范,对预防手术部位感染的职责定位不高,需加强手术室护士的预防手术部位感染知识的培训,改善其操作行为,以降低手术部位感染率。